A Reality Check In Contemporary Indian Media Media Essay

A Reality Check In Contemporary Indian Media Essay The paper talks about the development of the Gatekeeping Model throughout the years and inspects how the customary jobs of gatekeeping have seen a change. From editors and correspondents, the news and data is presently being sifted by corporate houses, supports, sponsors, government officials and if there should arise an occurrence of the internet based life, the crowd themselves. The examination additionally offers an outline of the pattern of cross media possession in India and how the backers are impacting the data conveyed where corporatization of the media has influenced the progression of news. Additionally, it likewise considers the possibility of gatekeeping in India with regards to person to person communication where the clients themselves are guards. The paper recommends that the customary strategies for gatekeeping have rotted and subsequently it ought to be comprehended in novel settings remembering the fast development of new advances and various methods of mass corresp ondence. Catchphrases: Gatekeeping, Advertisers, Social media, Indian media. Which news is progressively significant? Twenty one people murdered and handfuls harmed in train crash or The quickly moving train slaughters seven elephants. A great many people would state both are similarly significant however the individuals who are really engaged with the procedure of news choice and arrangement will hold an alternate view. One of the reports will be given more an incentive than the other thus would be set in like manner in the news paper. One of them may take a situation on the first page while the other may must be fulfilled by being on some inside page. The vast majority of the occasions, the tales with similarly less worth probably won't persuade an opportunity to be distributed if the space on the page isn't sufficient. Ordinary various occasions occur that need detailing yet not every one of them can be distributed in a news paper or be flashed on a TV screen or reported on a radio set. The possibility of gatekeeping appears to be coherent from the start s ince there is a confinement of existence in distributions and channels and basically, not all things can be appeared or distributed. In this manner, a filtration is nevertheless common. Nonetheless, there are cognizant procedures included which choose what must be transmitted and what must be retained. The most punctual idea of gatekeeping has relegated this cognizant job to the editors of media houses. Generally, such choices depended on the standards of news worth and settling on such choices used to be the significant errand of a guardian which was taken up by the editorial manager of a news paper. Each story that used to enter the newsroom needed to experience the investigation of the editorial manager and simply after the supervisor favors, it was permitted to be distributed. Henceforth, it tends to be said that a supervisor used to have the last say in what is to be sent to the perusers and so forth. Proofreader was the sole power holding the door through which the tales pass. The conventional speculations and models on gatekeeping likewise laid accentuation on the significance of the job of an editorial manager in the worldview of news correspondence. The well known model of door keeping given by D.M. White(1950) concentrated distinctly on the job of a proofreader as the man who decided. In any case, his hypothesis was reprimanded when different variables impacting the choice began picking up acknowledgment. The editors began losing their state in the news choice procedure as the media got secured in the force structure, and thus as acting to a great extent pair with the predominant establishments in the public eye. The media consequently duplicated the perspectives of predominant organizations not as one among various elective viewpoints, however as the focal and clear or regular point of view (Curran et al, 1982). The component of biasness influences the data that is gotten by the peruser. The supervisor is required to remember various things other than the news esteem standards for leaving a story alone distributed. The progression of data is being controlled by the guards who are not straightforwardly associated with the news gathering process yet are the directors and the proprietors of the media firms or the promoters or other partners. Cash and force can sift through the news fit to print, underestimate contradict, and permit the administration and predominant private premiums to convey the desired information to the general population (Herman and Chomsky, 1988). The political alliance of a news source decides the belief system it would represent and henceforth the gatekeeping will be done as needs be. The guardian shape the accounts in a manner that fulfill the enthusiasm of a political pioneer or a gathering thus changing the point and inclination of the genuine truth. Broad communications content is affected by media laborers socialization and perspectives. Their expert preparing, individual and political perspectives and affiliations lead them to create a social reality (Riaz, 2008). To a specific level, gatekeeping is significant for correspondence arranging yet as the news media has been overwhelmed by the top level of corporate, it is getting all the more a negative term. Business promoting is the chief wellspring of income for media and is significant for guaranteeing the endurance of the media houses. Indeed, the greatest controllers of the progression of data are the business associations offering monetary help to the news sources as promotions. This has not just changed the idea of stream of news yet in addition the whole set up of a news paper. A quarter century back, we would never envision that first page of a paper in Quite a while would be full page notice. The news paper today looks to a greater degree an item index than a news diary. On one hand, the globalization and advancement gives a superior extent of intervening while on the other it has offered ascend to commercialization of news. The benefit making rationale of the proprietors and distributers has prompted private alcove arrangement and energized payola which further prompts retaining of data and potential outcomes and thus keeping the perusers from understanding the significance of truth so as to make the ideal impact in the general public. This can be handily identified with plan setting. The gatekeeping today, is a crucial piece of the plan setting capacity of media as it is tremendously utilized as a helping instrument by the plan setters. As indicated by the plan setting hypothesis, in view of the reality of focusing on certain issues and dismissing and disregarding some others, the broad communications will affect general supposition (Riaz, 2008). For instance, while watching a cricket coordinate on TV, one can't watch the activity occurring in the entire ground and furthermore the onlookers present in the structure from each point simultaneously. Despite the fact that today the data is originating from all corners, papers despite everything stays as the top most confided in source in India thus the article choices made in obscurity without legitimate legitimization isn't just a reckless demonstration yet in addition a degenerate practice. Keeping the entryway is a genuine duty and if the guards trustworthiness is lost, the news paper also will free its respectability. The guard has the ability to advance the chose news things to the buyers. Along these lines, the guard must have an ethical legitimization of choosing a report over the other on the grounds that with power comes the responsibility. News originates from the individuals and returns to them. Individuals are a definitive source and the buyers of data. Consequently, it is critical to guarantee that the interests of the individuals are met. In any case, the commercial ization of media has prompted cognizant controls in sending back to the open what they are keen on and what can be discussed.Gatekeeping today can be called as one of the hindrances to correspondence on the grounds that the guards choose the idea of musings that will be made in the psyches of the individuals and direct what is deserving of the consideration of the beneficiary. Here, one can raise an eyebrow and can request ones right to data. There has been various cases where one-sided gatekeeping made bogus or slanted thought of a foundation, occasion or a person. These will be talked about later in the paper. Â Guardians of news and data: The hypothetical supporting The guardians model has been the bedrock of numerous correspondence concentrates in India and abroad and it has been the most discussed hypothesis also. Correspondence researchers like Wilbur Schramm have sketched out the fundamental precepts of the procedure of correspondence. A message is sent by a sender to a collector through a channel and the beneficiary gives criticism making the correspondence procedure a dynamic and persistent one. Be that as it may, the watchmen model has been fundamental as in it has distinguished impacts of the institutional jobs of editors on the data, particularly data in news structure, being given to perusers, audience members and watchers. The development of the Gatekeepers hypothesis has been graphed by Chris Roberts, a Doctoral understudy at The University of South Carolina in a paper named Communication Theory and Methodology Division Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication introduced in August 2005 at Communication Theory and Methodology Division Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication San Antonio, Texas. Roberts has named the idea as the vanilla dessert of mass correspondence hypothesis. He says-this is so since it may not be everyones top choice, however almost everybody can endure it and keeping in mind that it might have an unremarkable flavor, it fills in as a structure hinder for other hypothesis and methodological methodologies. In post-war America in 1947, it was Prussian researcher Kurt Lewin who begat the term gatekeeping. He deduced in an investigation of sweetbreads on Iowa housewives that they are the guardians who control what food enters the channels that eventually bring it from the nursery or grocery store into the family and onto the lounge area table. Each channel is walled into segments encompassed by doors the dynamic focuses

The Great Gatsby Who is Daisy Buchanan free essay sample

On the off chance that you were approached to depict Daisy Buchanan directly in the wake of perusing The Great Gatsby, you would more than likely portray her as shallow, shallow, counterfeit and ditzy. Nonetheless, there is another piece of her that she avoids everybody, even herself. Under the surface, there is a supply. That is her character, and it takes Jay Gatsby to mix the waters and bring the cleanest type of Daisy to the surface. From the outset look, Daisy is an absolutely level character. She originated from cash and riches, she is as of now well off, and will consistently have riches and cash. She is by all accounts in a stillness state, however with a more intensive look, Daisy fluctuates between being shallow and really profound. Despite the fact that she doesn't experience enough change to be known as a round character. It is anything but difficult to state that she is at a midway imprint among level and round. We will compose a custom paper test on The Great Gatsby Who is Daisy Buchanan or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page She has a somewhat unpredictable character. The peruser gets little bits of knowledge of her actual self in a great deal of cases, however none better than when she discusses her daughter’s birth. â€Å"’I’m happy it’s a young lady. What's more, I trust she’ll be a bonehead that’s the best thing a young lady can be in this world, a wonderful little fool† (Fitzgerald, 17). This statement is a great deal like Daisy herself. By all accounts, it sounds strange and unbelievable, however underneath, it is probably the most profound proclamation that she makes. Daisy is truly implying that she herself is a moron. She’s only a pointless little housewife following a luxuriously typical schedule for quite a while. In numerous accounts, the nitwit is a character with concealed astuteness and information about existence. The equivalent goes for Daisy, her kid, and all the ladies of the period. So as to live in a man’s world, a lady either needed to neglect sexual orientation jobs totally and never wed or become so unassuming and blameless that nobody accepted her actual character or wedded her immediately. In light of the preservationist meaning of bliss, obviously every lady proffered to do the subsequent choice thus Daisy wished the appalling satisfaction on to her little girl. Another piece of Daisy’s character is her adoration for being pursued. All things considered, possibly she speaks to the American Dream; the fantasy about something unreachable. The captivating reality about Daisy being the out of reach dream, is that once somebody has at long last made themselves impeccable by all accounts, she despite everything rejects them. On the off chance that Daisy Buchanan isn't dominating the match of feline and mouse, she changes the principles. For instance, when she first visits Gatsby’s stronghold of a house, she understands that her poor lieutenant had at long last contacted her level. â€Å"It makes me miserable on the grounds that I’ve never observed suchâ€such delightful shirts before† (92). What Daisy really implies is that she has never observed Gatsby wearing such delightful shirts previously. By acquiring more cash than god in a time of four years, Gatsby has nearly accomplished the American Dream, and along these lines Daisy. She is terrified to be vanquished, to be gotten and utilized as a trophy for the man who accomplished the American Dream. It is this dread keeps her with Tom, since he is moronic to such an extent that he doesn’t acknowledge what she is. Like whatever is pursued, Daisy must have a safe house to cover up in, provided that Daisy, the most profound and most perfect type of her, was at long last at any point for all time expelled from the supply where she stows away, she would not be Daisy Buchanan, she would turn into a shadow or an invention of the creative mind.

Tips For Using Free Example Essay Topics

Tips For Using Free Example Essay TopicsWhen you are seeking to write a free example essay topic for school, what is the best thing to start with? Are you unsure of what to write about? If you are planning on writing your own essay then these tips will help you in the right direction.First, you need to determine your overall theme. This means you need to take a look at your major area of interest and work out what areas of it you feel most comfortable covering. How do you find your answer to this question? It is quite simple - ask your parents or some people close to you.Once you have identified what your interest is, you will need to focus on the most important parts of that topic. So if you were interested in mathematics, you could try looking for examples in the field of math, such as how different sets of numbers can be combined to arrive at a new number.So how do you choose free example essay topics that you can use? The best way to do this is to go online and find the types of topics that you are most interested in writing about.A lot of the topics on the internet relate to subjects that you might be interested in and that you already have some experience with, such as business or science. You might also find that there are some free samples that relate to these topics.In order to ensure that you find the best free examples, however, you need to use the search engines. Try searching for keywords related to your topic to ensure that you are not wasting your time with material that you are not really interested in.After you have found the best free sample essay topic, make sure that you go over it thoroughly. Your aim here is to ensure that you complete the assignment completely - this is to ensure that you can achieve a good grade and also to provide you with a great resource.Once you have written the assignment, you will need to sit down and think about whether you are satisfied with it or not. If you are, then you should feel quite confident about your a bility to write a free example essay topic on your own.

Crime and Deviance - Left and Right Realism - 1698 Words

Within this essay there will be a clear understanding of the contrast and comparison between left and right realism, supported by accurate evidence that will support and differentiate the two wings of realism. During the 1970’s to the early 1990’s there had emerged two new approaches to the study of crime and deviance. The discipline of criminology had expanded further introducing right and left realism, both believe in different areas and came together in order to try and get a better understanding on crime and prevention. There were many theorists that had influenced the realism approaches such as; Jock Young (Left Wing) and James Wilson (Right Wing). Realism, in philosophical terms, refers to the concept that there is a reality beyond†¦show more content†¦Those that believe in this approach oppose against rehabilitation and treatment of offenders and that they should be incarcerated, this would also act as a deterrent to potential offenders thus giving social control. Charles Murray (1990) had developed a theory called the ‘underclass’, this theory categorises those living in poverty and defines them as non-working, inadequate and dangerous to society. Such writings have been an influence on the right realists and have a need to reinforce personal responsibility for an individual’s behaviour. Murray goes on to discuss two different types of underclass, firstly, the poor. These are people that only have low income but maintain their morals and standards and secondly, there are those with low income and their morals and standards match that. Those households with low standards are stereotyped as untidy and contain drunken and disorderly behaviour. He claims the men cannot keep jobs and the children are ill-educated resulting in antisocial behaviour and juvenile delinquency. This theory talks about a ‘fear of crime’ that would be instilled into communities by the underclass because the underclass is a classic example of the habitual criminal. There was a widely accepted notion called populism that had led to an ‘us’ and ‘them’ concept,Show MoreRelated‚Äà ²Marxism Is No Longer Relevant to Our Understanding of Crime Deviance in Society‚Äà ´1269 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to answer the question, the terms Crime Deviance must firstly be defined. Crime is an act against the Law (robbery, murder etc), thus the act is known as illegal, whereas Deviance is an act that is not against the Law but an act seen as ‘abnormal’ and going against the norms values o f Society, such as cross-dressing etc. Marx developed the idea of Marxism (a conflict theory between Upper and Lower social classes) in the 18th Century, when social classes were very clearly defined-Read MoreCrime, Deviance, Social Order And Social Control3729 Words   |  15 PagesDifferent Definitions of: Crime, Deviance, Social order and Social control Crime is defined by the Oxford dictionary as ‘an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law.’ (Dictionary, 2015) Whereas deviance is failing to conform to the expectations held by society without necessarily breaking any laws. Criminal behaviour differs to deviant behaviour as a person can be deviant without committing a crime and vice versa, a person can be criminal without being deviant. ForRead MoreCrime, Deviance, And Deviance3445 Words   |  14 PagesCrime and Deviance This report will begin by making a distinction between the concepts of crime and deviance, accompanied by the concept that crime is a social construct. Then this report will evaluate some theoretical approaches to how and why crime exists. Further reference will be made to the existing crime statistics, and the validity and reliability of the official statistics that measure crime. Finally, this report will look into the presentation of crime in two areas of the mass media. AtRead MoreConflict Theory : Conflict Criminology, And Sociology799 Words   |  4 Pages2002). In the 1960s, criminologists began to study the social conditions of the U.S. which promoted class conflict and crime. This paper will discuss how conflict theory relates to both criminology and sociology, how politics play a role in conflict theory, and how politics influence crime rates of the lower class. Also, this paper will evaluate various sociological schools of crime causation. â€Å"Conflict theory is the view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict and those who maintainRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 Pages SCLY4 Crime and Deviance with Theories Methods Past Papers Use the following past papers to practise your exam writing techniques and aid your revision. Make sure you look at the mark scheme for each question to assess your answer. Also check the ‘model answers’ from students to see where good AO1 and AO2 marks were scored. Crime and Deviance Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control. The social distribution of crime and deviance by age, ethnicityRead MoreA Critical Evaluation of The Issue of Taking an Item from Work1862 Words   |  8 PagesThe act of stealing items from work can be considered as a crime under criminal statute. The theft act 1968 states that a person is guilty of committing a crime of theft if that person ‘dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving’. In saying that the four main criminological presepectives, which include: classical, positivist, interactionist critical criminology, interpret the act of stealing an item from work differently. Ultimately, the issueRead MoreThe Reagan And Thatcher Governments Influenced American And British Politics2155 Words   |  9 Pagessocial policy commentators which included crime and justice. Individuals differed politically. Individuals who were on the right were supportive towards free-market criticisms on previous measures compared to those individuals whom were on the left who were critical of free-market economics and related political concepts. They were also critical of what they believed to be unhelpful (Newburn, 2009). In criminology, ‘realism’ is involved with the view that ‘crime’ is the outcome if known real-world causesRead MoreThe Effects Of Crime And The Media, Women And Crime, And Theories Of Crime Essay1965 Words   |  8 Pagesgiven much thought to crime. It was always in the back of my mind because of the seemingly increasing chances of becoming a victim of crime. Over the semester I have explored a range of topics relating to crime. The purpose of this essay is to reflect upon certain topics explored over the semester. I have chosen to focus on topics that had the profound effect on my learning. I have since been able to form an opinion that is back by theory on these topics. The topics chosen are: crime and the media, womenRead MoreSociology A2 Revision 2012 34479 Wor ds   |  18 Pages13th June, am Unit 4 exam: Tuesday 19th June, pm Easter Revision: tbc A2 Syllabus: AQA Sociology GCE (new specification) Unit 3: Mass Media (SCLY3) Worth 20% of your final A Level Written paper, 1 hour 30 minutes 60 marks available Unit 4: Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods (SCLY4) Worth 30% of your final A Level Written paper, 2 hours 90 marks available Timetable Use your revision checklists to draw up a timetable for revision leading up to the exam. Make sure you cover everything, butRead MoreCriminology : The Realist View And Constructivist Perspective1985 Words   |  8 PagesCriminology is the study of crime, those who commit crime and also studies the criminal justice and penal systems. Crime is defined as the act of omission established with the laws of the nation in which it occurred in. However, deviance as Downes and Rock suggested may be considered as the behaviour which is banned or controlled and would more limey attract punishment or disapproval. Not all deviances are crimes it is merely behaviours which do not comply with the norms of societies. It is important

Human Trafficking Is A Form Of Modern Slavery - 937 Words

â€Å"Human slavery is a robust, multi-billion dollar industry- only drugs and weapon dealing are more profitable,† said Dr. Noel Busch-Armendariz. Human trafficking is expected to have generated 32 Billion US dollars (â€Å"Factsheet†). Abducting humans into forced labor of any kind that generates this much money is absurd. Slavery has been illegal since 1865, however human trafficking is growing rapidly in the United States because of crime, poverty, and gangs. Human trafficking isn’t a well-known crime, though it happens more than people would expect. Human trafficking is a form of modern slavery that involves both sex and labor trafficking. The traffickers benefit from the victims’ actions. Often, traffickers utilize violence, threats, and debt bondage to deceive their victims (â€Å"Human Trafficking†) . Human trafficking is forcing someone to become a slave to that person, for whatever they want. Once these victims are caught, there is little chance of them getting free again. The three most common types of today’s slavery consist of pimp-controlled prostitution, escort services, and commercial-front brothels (â€Å"Human Trafficking Trends). Commercial-front brothels are businesses, such as massage parlors, or other businesses disguising as something other than what business is really happening there. This booming business still exists in the United States. Victims can be men, women and/or children with various racial and socio-economic circumstances. Victims don’t need toShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Is A Form Of Modern Slavery906 Words   |  4 Pages Human Trafficking Have you ever heard about human trafficking? Some people would say that human trafficking is no more in this world because now everyone become educated they themselves became victim. Others would say that human trafficking is illegal business, human being sale human being. Even I did not believe that human trafficking was here in the United States, but human trafficking was all over the world. â€Å"Trafficking in human beings is a dressing phenomenonRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Modern Form Of Slavery2527 Words   |  11 Pages Human Trafficking is one of the 3 largest criminal industries that take advantage of victims through slavery, organ trade, sexual exploitation and forced labor. Usually a victim is legally transferred to another country so that the people of this crime are benefited financially. Human Trafficking has become a modern form of slavery. When people hears the word ‘slavery,’ it is a harsh reality for many people who finds themselves boug ht and sold like objects, and treated with no dignity. Human TraffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking Modern Form Of Slavery1252 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking modern form of slavery Human trafficking is the modern day equivalent of slavery and must be recognized as such by the society if this transnational crime has to be knocked out. We all know what labor trafficking is â€Å"its everywhere but still nowhere†. Labor trafficking or forced labor, describes the practice of using fear, coercion or deceit to force an individual to work in return for a bare level of survival, allowing the perpetrator to profit from the situation. It’s shockingRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Form Of Modern Slavery1601 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking, or the offering and purchasing of individual, is a well-shrouded yet noticeable issue inside of today s general public. It is both a corrupt and awful theme that needs conveyed to consideration and managed. At the point when people are controlled into work, sexual bondage, or monetary hardship, human trafficking is happening. Human trafficking transpires to be a highly committed crime thats, perpetrated throughout t he world, affecting women and children that being put throughRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Modern Form Of Slavery924 Words   |  4 Pages PRESENT HUMAN SLAVERY ISN’T JUST ABOUT SEX TRAFFICKING, UP TO 27 MILLION PEOPLE ARE FORCED INTO LABOR IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY, FROM TOMATOES TO ELECTRONICS TO AMERICAN MILITARY CONTRACTING IN PLACES LIKE IRAQ. AS AMERICANS THINK ABOUT HUMAN TRAFFICKING, THEY ARE INCLINED TO THINK ABOUT SEXUAL SLAVERY. IN FACT THE ACTUAL STORIES OF GIRLS SOLD OFF TO BROTHELS OR TRICKED INTO TAKING PART INTO PROSTITUTION BY GANGSTERS IS GREAT FEED FOR JOURNALISTS. THIS APPEALS TO A CERTAIN TYPE OF CELEB COMMITMENT THATRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Modern Form Of Slavery2288 Words   |  10 PagesThe rate of human trafficking in Uzbekistan has skyrocketed in the past few years and in order to stop sex slavery and unpaid labor throughout Central Asia, the government must step in by detaining the people responsible for trading laborers, as well as educate people more so that they do not become victims. Uzbekistan’s government also needs to arrest those buying people as slaves and shut down hidden infrastructure used purely for the trading of laborers and those forced into prostitution. PeopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is The Modern Form Of Slavery1631 Words   |  7 PagesHuman trafficking is the modern form of slavery, with illegal smuggling and trading of people, for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Trafficking is officially defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by means of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power of a position of vulnerability for the purpose of exploitation. (â€Å"dictionary.com†) Human trafficking is not equivalent with forced migration or smuggling. In the U.S., human traffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Trafficking : A Modern Day Form Of Slavery Essay1068 Words   |  5 PagesHuman smuggling and trafficking: Did you know that women make up 66% of the worldwide trafficking victims? The victim is usually aged 8-18, and some are as young as 4 or 5. Human trafficking and smuggling is becoming the world’s largest crime in the world. People that are caught up in these horrible crimes either end up in jail if caught, or dead. Trafficking is a compared to a modern-day form of slavery as it involves the exploitation of unwilling people through force. Karla Jacinto was one ofRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Defined As A Form Of Modern Slavery Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pages1. According to the Department of Homeland Security, human trafficking is defined as a form of modern slavery, in which victims are often either forced, coerced, or fooled by false promises for the purposes of labor or sexual exploitation (citation). Human trafficking has continued to flourish in the 21st century due largely to globalization, natural disasters and crises, and the lack of a united effort to address this iss ue. Globalization has enabled traffickers to contact interested parties worldwideRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Modern Day Form Of Slavery1393 Words   |  6 PagesDo you know what human trafficking is? Well, human trafficking is just another name for modern slavery.   Different medias, like television shows and movies, make it look like human trafficking only happens in foreign countries or to foreign citizens.   That however, is dangerously untrue.   It is one of the biggest crime industries in America, behind drug and arms dealing.   It’s happening right in our backyard, human trafficking is extremely prevalent in big American cities and states with international

Public Policy of Social Security and Retirement Savings Essay

Social Security is on the verge of taking care of the baby boomers generation. This means that it will be paying more benefits than taxes it receives. In lay-man’s terms it means it will be spending more money than it is making. I think that you should pay into your own private retirement account for you to reap the benefits in the future. Not for you to pay into a cluster of workers money for current elders to benefit from. You need to take care of your own future and not rely on other people’s responsibility. â€Å"†¦people began to think retirement funding as a right†¦and so†¦started saving less† (Klay Steen). That being said, people of a certain age should be â€Å"grandfathered† into this meaning, people of the age of say 40, still get the†¦show more content†¦Back in 1950, as the baby boom was just getting started, each retirees benefit was divided among 16 workers. Taxes could be kept low. Today, that number has dropped to 3 .3 workers per retiree, and by 2025, it will reach--and remain at--about two workers per retiree (Social Security Reform Center – Problem). The number of workers for each beneficiary dropped from 5.1 in 1960 to 3.3 in 2006. This is expected to decrease to 2.1 by 2030 (Klay Steen). Baby boomers are going to retire and Social Security begins to spend more on paying benefits than it receives in taxes in 2017 or 2018 (Social Security Reform Center – Problem). This means Social Security will begin to handle very large funding problems because of the amount of people retiring and the worker/beneficiary ratio falling. This is caused by the increase of the payroll tax 17 times since 1935 (Epstein). Currently Social Security is not having any issues with payments. It lifts 1.3 million children and almost 13 million senior citizens out of poverty (Merino). The other side of the problem though is fairness. For example, you give someone $20 every month to save until the end of th e year for you, but until then they can lend out that money and use it how they want until the end of the year. At the end of the year you might have your money or someone else’s money. This problem reaches all aspects of American life and its people. It affects the taxShow MoreRelatedThe First Retirement Plan Of The United States1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe first retirement plan created in the United States, is one that the majority of us are familiar, the Social Security Act, signed under law in 1935. Up until 1939, Social Security only paid retirement benefits to primary workers, which for the most part were men. Age 65 was chosen as the retirement age because individuals who survived past childhood were likely to live past 65. However, not everyone benefited from such assistance, even after age 65—agricultural and domestic workers were excludedRead MoreEssay on Speech: IRA Retirement Plans931 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech: IRA Retirement Plans Saving for Retirement General Purpose: My general purpose is to persuade. Specific Purpose: My specific purpose is to persuade the audience to start saving for their retirement instead of simply relying on Social Security. Thematic Statement: Starting to save for retirement early has many benefits over Social Security. Introduction of Speech I. I took a survey of thirty BSU students, who are employed, to determine how many of them have started saving for theirRead MoreThe Problem With Social Security Trust Fund865 Words   |  4 PagesThe problem with Social Security trust fund is that at the present time there is more credit in the trust fund than is required for payment of Social Security benefits. â€Å"By 2027 revenue coming into the trust fund will fall below the level of being paid out, and by 2040 the trust fund will be depleted (Quadagno, 2014).†Meaning there will be not enough money from payroll taxes to pay all the benefits that are promised to citizens. This puts everyone who is going to enter retirement in jeopardy. EvenRead MorePension Reform Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesThe analysis of networks of Turkish pension reform is interesting for two reasons. The first reason is about the Turkish political context for the study of policy network. The second reason is the criticisms about the policy-making processes and the justifications of Turkish pension reform. Turkish political context for policy network approach Turkish political context is in a nutshell that state is everything. Turkish state exhibits a highly-centralized and interventionist characteristic. InRead MoreThe U.s. Economy Operates On A Fundamentally Capitalistic Reward Based Principle1236 Words   |  5 PagesWhen President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act in 1935, this was exactly the concern he intended to address [1]. Specifically, as a result of having spent their prime working years fall within the Great Depression, many elderly citizens had not been able to accumulate enough savings to provide for themselves in retirement. As part of President Roosevelt’s New Deal to help America’s recovery from the Depression [2], the Social Security Act was introduced to â€Å"provide for the generalRead MoreFinance : Life Insurance Benefits1443 Words   |  6 PagesFinance: Life Insurance When I was young, I didn’t care about saving money, and I just spent it on food. As a college student, my uncle, who works for the World Financial Group, told me that I should start saving money for my college tuition and retirement. He suggested that I invest in life insurance to make more money instead of putting all of it in the bank. So, I decided to buy life insurance after I got a job to pay for it monthly. Despite the risk, the promise of earning one millionRead MoreThe Social Security Act Of 19351679 Words   |  7 PagesThe passing of the Social Security Act generated a social insurance program that protected a multiplicity of people by supplying a monthly benefit to societal individuals age 65 and older who were no longer actively working; it was a means of income to individuals once they retired and was based on the person’s payroll tax contribution (Martin Weaver, 2005). The longer amount of years a person was employed, the higher their benefi t amount is set to be. Social weighing was a method they used toRead MoreA Pension Policy For The Province Of Ontario1636 Words   |  7 PagesA pension policy for the province of Ontario is being discussed, in an attempt to make it more effective or being readily available. The existing issue is how it functions in low interests rates and low returns in equity markets. Also, the low participation in such plans is failing the system as a whole. It is important the government to protect workers in the private sector; as it is noted one-third of the paid workforce in 2005 was in a registered pension plan. Canada lacks when it comes to voluntaryRead MoreU.s. Labor Policy Proposal Essay3170 Words   |  13 Pages Labor Policy Proposal Presented by Institution Introduction Many people have no idea of what they expect to achieve after retirement when asked about their retirement plans. The government’s policies about retirement do not cater for the well-being of retirees creating a lot of worry for the life after employment. The increasing number of employees demanding cover by government pension programs and the current decline in the retirement income levels contributes to the change of theRead MoreSocial Security a Challenge to Public Finance1824 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1935 Franklin D. Roosevelt created the foundation for what today is Social Security. The bill entitled the Economic Security Bill and was the starting point for Social security. (ssa.gov) Social Security was enacted as part of the New Deal. Its purpose was to provide a safety net for the elderly and their direct survivors, as well, temporary unemployment benefits. The funding was a compulsory taxation of the employed workforce in shared responsibility with the employers (Hym an 2010 p. 312). The

Ken Right to Claim against Eddie-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Does Ken have a claim against Eddie? Why? 2.Advise Eddie whether Jerry was entitled to purchase the helmet for $50 and any claim that he may face. 3.Advise Eddie whether he is required to pay Jane the $200. 4.Advise Eddie whether he has to refund Lisa her money. Answers: 1.It must be noted that for valid contract there must be offer, acceptance, and consideration. If all these elements are present in the contract then such contract is considered as valid contract. it must be noted that there is clear difference between the offer and invitation to treat, and those business which sell their products through advertisement must understand this business. If any person sells goods through advertisement then such person constitutes an offer if such advertisement contains sufficient details and shows intention to be legally bound. This can be seen in case law Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. Ltd [1893] 1 QB 256. In such case, there is no control of person who publishes advertisement that who accepts the offer. In the present case, Ken has right to claim against Eddie for breach of contract because Eddie gives offer through advertisement which is accepted by Ken (NZLII, n.d.). 2.It must be noted that offer is completely different from the invitation to deal. It is not simple to distinguish between the two, and the test of intention is done to determine the difference between two. It is considered whether statement made by party give rise to an agreement or results in further negotiation. This can be understood through case law Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots, Court of Appeal [1953] 1 QB 401; [1953] EWCA Civ 6; [1953] 1 All ER 482, [1953] 2 WLR 427. In this case, it was argued by the society that sale related to drugs was completed when item was taken out by the customer through shelf and put it in their cart or basket, and when consumer take that item to sale desk then pharmacist cannot state that goods were not sold to the consumer. In this case, judge held that in an ordinary shop goods were displayed by the shopkeeper with intention that consumer itself chooses the goods as per their needs, and contract is not exist till consumer state h is needs and shopkeeper accepts it (ACL, n.d.). In the present case, Jerry is not entitled to purchase the helmet at $50 because there is only invitation to deal and not the offer on part of Eddie. 3.It must be noted for valid contract consideration is considered as most important factor, and as per this consideration must be comes into existence either with or after the promise. For example: when stipulated consideration pre-dates the promise then such consideration is not considered as good consideration. In other words, Past consideration cannot be considered as good consideration. This can be understood through case law Harrington v Taylor, 36 SE 2d 227 (1945). In this case, W was the wife of D and she was assaulted by D on regular basis. W escaped to Ps house for saving herself and D broke the hose of P for assaulting the W again. W knocked down D for the purpose of saving herself with an Axe and decapitates him when P intervened. In this process hand of P was badly mutilated by the axe. However, Somehow D survived and promised P to pay her damages, but after sometime D only pay small amount of damages to P and refused to make further amount. In this case, Court stated that act done by P was voluntarily acted and there was no obligation on D to make any payment to P. In the present case, Eddie is not liable to pay $200 to Jane because act done by Jane was voluntarily act 4.Goods supplied by manufacturer and retailer must be of acceptable quality, and acceptable quality includes: Goods must be fit for all purposes. Goods must be acceptable in appearances. Goods must be safe. Goods must be free from all defects. Goods must be durable. If any major failure is occurred in goods then consumer has following remedies: Consumer has right to rejects the goods and ask for money back. Seek compensation in reduction of value of goods but it must be below the price paid for goods (Consumer Protection, n.d.). In the present case, Lisa can ask for money back because goods are not of acceptable quality References: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. Ltd [1893] 1 QB 256. Harrington v Taylor, 36 SE 2d 227 (1945). Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots, Court of Appeal [1953] 1 QB 401; [1953] EWCA Civ 6; [1953] 1 All ER 482, [1953] 2 WLR 427. NZLII. New Zealand Law Commission. Viewed at: https://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/nzlc/report/R50/R50-3.html#Heading347. Accessed on 3rd October 2017. Consumer Protection. Consumer guarantees for products. Viewed at: https://www.consumerprotection.govt.nz/consumer-law-and-your-rights/consumer-guarantees-act/consumer-guarantees-for-products/. Accessed on 3rd October 2017

Wrote The Signalman Essay Example For Students

Wrote The Signalman Essay Dickens leaves the reader wondering if the Convict is religious or not because when he lets Pip go he makes pip say Lord strike me dead if I dont, which either means the Convict believes in a Lord or the convict believes that Pip might believe in a Lord so it would give Pip a better reason for coming back, if the fact a young man willing to tear out his heart and liver isnt enough. When the Convict lets pip go home Pip runs away towards his home. He is obviously scared and occasionally looks back to see if the Convict is still there. We will write a custom essay on Wrote The Signalman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The end of chapter one explains how Pip sees in the distance ac, which makes him think of the horrible young man. He looks around for the young man and then becomes frightened again and so runs all the way home without stopping. This technique at the end of the chapter is called a cliffhanger and it makes the reader want to read on leaving them in Suspense in what is going to happen next. Dickens also wrote The Signalman and I will briefly explain the first few paragraphs how Dickens creates Suspense In the Signalman: The Signalman has a very unusual beginning Halloa! Below there! Dickens creates suspense in the first few paragraphs of the signalman by once again luring the reader into an unknown atmosphere. He start off the story with someone shouting down at a signalman and this is the first piece of Suspense. The reader is left wondering what will happen next or what the signalman will say. The man shouting down is asking the signalman if there is any way, which he can come down and talk to him. The next large area of Suspense is when Dickens describes a train passing by Just then, there came a vague vibration in the earth and air, quickly changing into a violent pulsation, and an oncoming rush which caused me to startle back, as though it had force to draw me down. When such vapour rose to my height from this rapid train , had passed me and was skimming away over the landscape. Dickens builds up suspense by describing the train passing in so much detail and leaving us to wonder and imagine what will happen next. Dickens is very good at using imagery in his character and having a visual image of a character helps that person to understand the story more. The way in which Dickens explains the surroundings and the characters is in so much detail we can almost picture them as if they were in the room with us. In the Signalman Dickens describes the descent in which the person has to make to travel down to the signalman. It is so detailed you can picture being there. Dickens also uses the senses to enhance the feeling of what he is describing. His favourite sense is sight as most of the things he describes are to do with seeing the object he is describing. There by a dint of looking closely about me, I found a rough descending zig-zag path notched out: which I followed. The cutting was extremely deep, and unusually precipitate. It was made through a clammy stone that became oozier and wetter as I went down. Dickens also uses complex words to portray his suspense For these reasons, I found the way long enough to give me time to recall a singular air of reluctance or compulsion with which he had pointed out the path. Dickens describes the thoughts and images that the man sees when he comes down to talk with the signalman. .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 , .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .postImageUrl , .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 , .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536:hover , .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536:visited , .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536:active { border:0!important; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536:active , .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536 .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf955b12f0d12c996fcf2ca9909c6536:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Wizard of Oz Essay I resumed my downward way, and, stepping out on the level of the railroad and drawing nearer to him, saw that he was a dark sallow man , with a dark beard and rather heavy eyebrows. His post was in a as solitary and dismal place as ever I saw. On either side, a dripping-wet wall of jagged stone, excluding all view but a strip of sky; the perspective one way, only a crooked prolongation of this great dungeon; the shorter perspective in the other direction , terminating in a gloomy red light, and the gloomier entrance to a black tunnel, in whose massive architecture there was a Barbarous, depressing, and forbidding air. This section is a perfect example of how Dickens creates suspense in the Signalman and great Expectations. He uses great detail to lure a reader into an unknown atmosphere. This makes the reader want to read on and desperate to find out what is going to happen next. A combination of interesting and thorough detail, careful choices of words and the five senses create an excellent base for building up Suspense in Dickens Stories. This is why he is such a brilliant Suspense writer.

8051 Microcontroller Based Essays

8051 Microcontroller Based Essays 8051 Microcontroller Based Essay 8051 Microcontroller Based Essay RF BASED REMOTE CONTROL INTODUCTION-: The Project Long Range Remote Control can be used to remotely control a number of Electrical or Electronic Gadgets connected to it. Unlike Infra Red remote control, this Project employs FM transmission and Reception, and hence it can be used for comparatively longer range. Any gadget can be switched on/off by keying the number allocated to it. The Receiver is made up of the famous 8 bit Microcontroller from Atmel. The Microcontroller is used as the Master in the receiver end which is used to control all the devices. It decodes the Signal from the transmitter and control the relays according to the signal. For transmission we are using frequency modulation at the frequency of 433. 92Mhz. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO 8051 MICROCONTROLLER-: When we have to learn about a new computer we have to familiarize about the machine capability we are using, and we can do it by studying the internal hardware design (devices architecture), and also to know about the size, number and the size of the registers. A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non-volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit. Also called a computer on a chip, billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) are embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to appliances to automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can use 70 or more microcontrollers. The following picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller. AT89S52: The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and ost-effective solution to many, embedded control applications. The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with st atic logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM con-tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt The hardware is driven by a set of program instructions, or software. Once familiar with hardware and software, the user can then apply the microcontroller to the problems easily. The pin diagram of the 8051 shows all of the input/output pins unique to microcontrollers: The following are some of the capabilities of 8051 microcontroller. ? Internal ROM and RAM ? I/O ports with programmable pins ? Timers and counters ? Serial data communication The 8051 architecture consists of these specific features: ?16 bit PC data pointer (DPTR) ?8 bit program status word (PSW) ?8 bit stack pointer (SP) ?Internal ROM 4k ?Internal RAM of 128 bytes. ?4 register banks, each containing 8 registers ?80 bits of general purpose data memory ?32 input/output pins arranged as four 8 bit ports: P0-P3 ? Two 16 bit timer/counters: T0-T1Two external and three internal interrupt sources Oscillator and clock circuits THEORY-: Radio Frequency remote control) A handheld, wireless device used to operate audio, video and other electronic equipment using radio frequency (RF) transmission. Unlike the more common infrared (IR) remotes, RF remotes do not require line of sight and do not have to be aimed at the equipment. In fact, RF remotes can be operated. RF Receivers (Base Stations) Are Required Since most equipment is IR based and comes with an IR sensor located on the front panel, the RF must wind up as IR. This is accomplished with an RF receiver, which is a base station and antenna, that accepts RF signals and converts them to IR. For use inside equipment cabinets, the receiver typically has an IR blaster that showers IR signals to all components by reflecting off the closed cabinet door. The RF receiver also has sockets for several IR emitters (IR flashers) that are wired to, and pasted directly over, the IR sensors in the equipment for precise aiming. See IR remote control and RF. References-: The 8051 microcontroller and Embedded systems using assembly and C Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillespie Mazidi 1. Keil Software, dScope Debugger, keil. com/ 2. National Instruments Multisim 10. 0 www. ni. com/multisim 3. www. 8051projects. info 4. www. 8051projects. net 5. www. dnatechindia. com 6. AT89c51 datasheet available at www. alldatasheets. com

FBI Whistleblower Colleen Rowley Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FBI Whistleblower Colleen Rowley - Essay Example In the hours after the Sept. 11attack, the FBI agents shared a joke. For days, they had made attempts to create interest in the FBI in Washington, to look into Zacharias Moussaoui, who was the 20th hijacker. They had made attempts to ask the FBI to give them the permission to search Moussaoui’s computer; they were denied. Amidst their frustration, they made the joke that the headquarters back in Washington had been working with Osama Bin Laden, as otherwise there would have been no reason for them to turn them down. This was a disturbing story that was told in a 13-page letter that was written to the director of the FBI Robert Mueller, by Colleen Rowley. The letter is documentation of the effort put by Rowley as well as the Minneapolis Chief Division Counsel, to develop an interest in Moussaoui. Coleen Rowley commenced her career with the FBI in Mississippi and later made relocation to the city of New York in the year 1984. After the 9/11 attacks, Rowley explained to the direc tor of the FBI, how the personnel had not responded to the information that had been providing on Zacharias Moussaoui. In the months that followed, Muller made the acknowledgment that the attack could have been prevented if the FBI had responded the tips that they had been given.

The Friedman Family Assessment Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Friedman Family Assessment Model - Essay Example The family acts as a system within a larger social framework, and each family belonging to this framework employs a different approach to health care provision. Every family acts as a support system for its members and transmits fundamental elements of culture to every member (Spector, 2004). Some of these beliefs and structures may provide challenges or barriers to types of health provisions and treatments. The Morrison family consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Morrison, Luke, Matt, Katie, and Bo. Luke was the eldest followed by Matt, Kate, and Bo was the youngest. The family lived in Crow Lake region in Ontario, Canada. Mr. Morrison worked at a local bank, and the children were in school. Luke had secured a scholarship in the university and had been admitted to study teaching. Matt had excelled in his high school and had secured a slot in the university. Mr. and Mrs. Morrison had gone shopping in preparation for Matt’s admission in the university. On their way back, they were involve d in an accident and died. The children were orphaned, and Luke had to decline the scholarship in order to take care of the family. Matt also impregnated Marie, a neighbor’s daughter, and could not join the university. Kate was successful in her education and became a professor at the university in Toronto. FFAM has six assessment categories, but the two most relevant to the Morrison family are family stress, coping, and adaptation and family functions (Friedman, Bowden, & Jones, 2003). The two categories are significant due to the stressful conditions subjected to the children after the death of their parents. The children had to look after themselves and received a little help from the neighbors. The family functions were also changed after the tragedy. Luke and Matt became the fathers of Bo and Katie. They work in the fields in order to finance the education of their sisters and meet other family needs. Family Stress, Coping and Adaptation Family stressors, strengths, and perceptions This category is necessary since the death affected their normal living conditions, caused different perceptions, and the children utilized their strengths to counter the stressors. The children have to take care of each other. The demise occurs when they were still young; Luke is 18 years and Bo is still a toddler. The death causes stress among the children, especially Luke and Matt who were left with parenthood responsibilities. The Morrison family has a motto â€Å"thou shalt not emote† that helps them counter the effects of the stress (Lawson, 2002). The motto helps Kate suppress her emotions throughout her education, which makes her uninterested in relationships. The death of parents is a leading stress factor in families, especially when children are left without caretakers (Holtslander, 2005). Matt also experiences a setback when Marie becomes pregnant, and her father commits suicide. Matt is forced to take care of her and moves to her father’s house . He has to cope with the stressful condition of taking care of his family and helping Luke look after Kate and Bo. The two brothers are responsible for educating and providing health care to Kate and Bo. The family derives its strength from the decision to stick together, look for jobs, and get help from the nei

Comment critically on comparative advantage as a basis for international trade Essay Example for Free

Comment critically on comparative advantage as a basis for international trade Essay Comparative advantage was an idea proposed by David Ricardo in 1817, and is an idea which can be used on a variety of scales, but is most often used when analysing international trade. Ricardo used the idea of wool produced in England at a lower opportunity cost than wool is produced in Portugal relative to wine, while in Portugal wine is produced at a lower opportunity cost than wine is produced in Britain relative to the wool. This means that in Portugal it is less costly to produce wine in terms of what is the next best use of the resources involved. The reasons that this occurs could be for any number of reasons: weather, technology, productivity of workers in that industry and so on. This idea is one that all countries can benefit from, as even a tiny country will have a comparative advantage in a good relative to another good, even when trading with a world superpower. Comparative advantage is often used to look at just two countries and two goods, which is not necessarily a pitfall as the model can be applied to multiple countries and multiple goods, it is just for simplicity. Shown below is a very simple idea of the benefits produced by comparative advantage: As with any model in economics, comparative advantage is not ideal. It is a proposed model based upon a fundamental idea which has very often proved itself to be true, but it still relies on many ideals and factors that do not and cannot realistically exist. These underlying assumptions mean it is difficult to base international trade upon the comparative advantage theory. However, the comparative advantage theory is questionably a solid basis to trade, even if it cannot explain international demand and supply in its entirety. The biggest problem when it comes to how affective comparative advantage is in dictating trade is that all factors of production are assumed to be perfectly mobile, something which it is fair to say is never the case. The idea is that any factors of production, be it labour, capital, land or entrepreneurship, that these, if made redundant from one industry it is thought that these resources could immediately be transferred to another industry that has a comparative advantage over the other country. This is clearly not going to be case, unless the industries are very similar, something which contradicts another theory of comparative advantage, which states all goods are homogenous. It is therefore almost an impossibility for this to occur, for the unemployment created by a failed industry to be suddenly removed by another. Structural unemployment of people without the necessary skills to work, is inevitable. Even in the EU, where the S.E.A single market was set up in 1986, it is still difficult just to go and work in another EU country for geographic, structural and lingual reasons. The government would have to spend a huge amount on supply side policies such as very efficient schemes of education or perhaps low taxation (Thatcherite) to be able to transfer skills that quickly, and shift the long run aggregate supply curve to the right, thus reducing unemployment: Because the government realises just how unlikely and difficult it is to transfer resources, it actively discourages the failure of an industry, as shown by the EUs enormous subsidies of the farmers in this country, most notably the Common Agricultural Policy. It is therefore acting against the theory of comparative advantage, as this would dictate that the farmers move into the service sector, where Britain is very productive. This shows how politics has a great affect on trade once the industry has been established, though comparative advantage may well have dictated what industries were originally started and how they grew, even if politics has a greater effect today. The fact that politics makes a big difference in the effect of comparative advantage demonstrates another shortcoming of the theory. It assumes that trade around the world is completely free, something which is increasingly true, although the creation of the EU has meant that trade within the EU is almost completely free, while from in the EU to the rest of the world, protectionist policies are in place. There also continue to be some semi-autarkic countries such as North Korea. If cricket bats are made in both England and Pakistan, if Pakistan has the comparative advantage in making the good, in terms of Panama hats for example, consumers in the UK may well still buy cricket bats from British producers, for several reasons, most importantly that policies such as tariffs or quotas may well be in place on goods entering the EU, in which case the goods are no longer price competitive. This is shown below: However, the large sales of cricket bats in the UK may well also be for other reasons. Cricket bats are not a homogenous product, with different bats suiting different players, and other non-price competitive reasons such as a higher quality of bat made domestically or that there is better after-sale support. This is something that the theory of comparative advantage does not take into account. It may also be very expensive to transport the bats to the UK from Pakistan, making it no longer economically efficient to trade here. This is something else that is not taken into account by the model. All these things aside, the reasons why countries trade is for the benefits that arise from the trading, such as specialisation increasing output, economies of scale, innovation through competition and the welfare gains in increasing the consumers choice. It is at no stage a random process as to what goods are traded, and there are good reasons for why bananas arent grown in England and sheep arent reared in the West Indies. The productivity of a country in producing a good dictates what it will trade, and a country that is very inefficient in producing a good will move onto something to which it is more suited. There are of course cases where this is overridden by the factors mentioned, but ultimately comparative advantage theory does form a basis as the title suggests, to almost all international trade. For the trade to occur, the terms of trade are laid out, which is simplified to compromising between the opportunity cost ratios of the two countries. Once again, this is not exactly how it works, as politics and economics merge to create something slightly different, but it is highly likely to be something close to what comparative advantage suggests it should be. It is inevitable that the model does not fit the real world, but there is not a single economic theory that can be applied directly to an economy with no assumptions being made.

Abortion: Points Of View :: essays research papers

Abortion: Points of View   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is nearly impossible anymore to find someone who doesn't have an opinion about abortion, and probably a strong opinion at that. Yet the endless debates on the topic usually go nowhere, leaving the opponents even more committed to their positions and the open-minded observers confused. Both sides make a good case. An unwanted child is a pitiful thing, and the attendant social problems (single motherhood, financial destitution, child neglect, and urban overcrowding, to name just a few) do not have easy solutions. On the other hand, the thought of terminating something that, if left to run its natural course, would ultimately result in the birth of a human being gives all but the most hard-hearted among us cause for serious introspection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One reason the debate goes nowhere is that each side focuses on a different topic. We make no progress because we are not talking about the same thing. The pro-abortionist prefers to discuss choice, and to dwell on all of the social problems inherent in an unwanted child. The anti-abortionist is interested primarily in protecting the life of the fetus. In simple terms, the pro-abortionist focuses on a woman's rights and the anti-abortionist focuses on a fetus' rights. Though interrelated, these are basically different topics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though neither side realizes it, there is actually much more agreement than disagreement between the opposing views. The majority on both sides would agree that social problems like child neglect and urban overcrowding are serious issues. Most would also agree that the life of a child is a precious thing that deserves the full protection of the law. There would even be nearly universal agreement that it is a woman's exclusive right to make decisions concerning her body. So where's the disagreement? The entire complex issue comes down to one question:  Ã‚  Is the fetus a person? If you believe it is not a person, then it is simply part of the woman's body and subject to her exclusive control. From this point of view, any attempt to diminish that control is a cruel infringement upon a woman's rights. If, however, you believe the fetus is a person, then you are obligated to protect it, even to the point of delimiting the actions of the woman carrying it. For you, the suggestion that this issue is a matter of personal choice is like saying that whether or not a parent kills a two-year-old is a matter of personal choice. The goal of these pages is to examine the abortion debate from several perspectives, focusing on the question of when the fetus' life as a person

Business †Accounting Essay

In the file ACC 561 Week 3 Discussion Question 1 you will find right answers on the following task: â€Å"Select a costing method: process, job, or activity based. Describe the nature of your chosen method. What types of organizations should choose that method? How is this method different from the costing methods you did not choose? Use your selected costing method to create a real-life business management scenario that includes realistic numbers. What management decisions may one make based on your scenario?† Business – Accounting Alternative Costing Methods The text presents job and processing costing systems as virtual â€Å"polar extremes,† there are many situations where it may be best for a company to use a hybrid system that combines attributes of both systems. Describe such a situation and discuss how the hybrid system may be better than either pure job or pure process systems. Think Twice Assume you own a business that makes two complementary products for which you allocated manufacturing overhead proportionally. A competitor is trying to undercut your price for one of the products. How might ABC costing help you better compete with this pending threat? Activity Base Costing- How do managers cost products or services using ABC systems? When should managers consider using an ABC costing system? How should they decide to adopt this method? Alternative Costing Methods I would like you all to select a costing method: process, job, or activity  based. Describe the nature of your chosen method. What types of organizations should choose that method? How is this method different from the costing methods you did not choose? I have implemented a job costing system in my company. If you were my corporate controller, how would you implement a job-costing system? Why is process costing a better costing method for cert†¦ Follow the link to get tutorial – https://bitly.com/12BiSuQ College is a great time for young people to find themselves and to really find out what they are made of. However, there is a lot to learn. Some students only really become comfortable at college when it’s about time to leave! Don’t let that be you. Here are some great college tips. Business – Accounting Alternative Costing Methods The text presents job and processing costing systems as virtual â€Å"polar extremes,† there are many situations where it may be best for a company to use a hybrid system that combines attributes of both systems. Describe such a situation and discuss how the hybrid system may be better than either pure job or pure process systems. Think Twice Assume you own a business that makes two complementary products for which you allocated manufacturing overhead proportionally. A competitor is trying to undercut your price for one of the products. How might ABC costing help you better compete with this pending threat? Activity Base Costing- How do managers cost products or services using ABC systems? When should managers consider using an ABC costing system? How should they decide to adopt this method? Alternative Costing Methods I would like you all to select a costing method: process, job, or activity based. Describe the nature of your chosen method. What types of organizations should choose that method? How is this method different from the costing methods you did not choose? I have implemented a job costing system in my company. If you were my corporate controller, how would you implement a job-costing system? Why is process costing a better costing method for certain industries? What would happen if they used a job costing system? Can we explain three major source documents and how they are used in job costing systems? Why are these source documents needed?

The Dual Nature of Characters in Othello Essay - 1074 Words

The Dual Nature of Characters in Othellonbsp;nbsp; In Shakespeares tragedy, Othello, Iago is uncharacteristically honest when he says I am not what I am. However, he is not the only character whose appearance differs from the reality. Nonetheless, he is possibly the only person who intends this duplicity. Unfortunately everyone is under the impression that Iago is honest and just. Once alone, Iago reveals when devils will the blackest sins put on, they do suggest at first with heavenly shows as I do now. Iago is two-faced in his relationships, even in the language he uses. After referring to Othello as a black ram, he then tells him my lord, you know I love you. Iago has no shame in appealing to heaven and godly images in†¦show more content†¦Iago often refers to Othello as the Moor and when Emilia realises how Othello has treated his wife, she calls him the blacker devil. As Iagos plan unfolds, Othellos suspicions and jealousy come to the fore. Iagos blasphemous expressions gradually infiltrate Othellos vocabulary as Othell o becomes more and more convinced that Desdemona is being unfaithful. Initially he claims that while the marriage is expected to bring him some physical satisfaction, he and his wife value their mental attraction just as highly. However, as he becomes ensnared in Iagos trap, Othello reveals a more detailed acknowledgement of Desdemonas sexual appeal. As he discusses her death with Iago, he says he will not argue with Desdemonalest her body and beauty unprovide my mind again. Othellos open-mindedness enables him to actually accuse Desdemona, although he does not believe a word of her plea of innocence. Iagos influence has made Othello violent and sarcastic. Although to the Venetian nobility around him, Othello seemed to be fairly like his usual self, his private face became his public appearance when he hit Desdemona in the presence of Lodovico. When Othello once again faces Desdemona with his accusation which she denies, he says I took you for that cunning whore of Venice that married with Othello. Despite Desdemonas innocence in the accusations of infidelity, she is not entirelyShow MoreRelatedThe Self Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Self-Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello Introduction Aristotle asserted that all tragic heroes had fundamental flaws that were the source of their undoing, and that were typically the source of their initial success, as well. Oedipus thinks he acts with justice, wisdom, and the assurance of success, and these things also cause him to completely destroy himself when he discovers the truth of his situation, as one prominent example. 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